This renders family B receptors important targets for the development of peptide and non-peptide analogues.įamily B of GPCRs belongs to the superfamily of GPCRs, which also includes the families of rhodopsin, glutamate, adhesion and frizzled/taste2 and comprises the largest family of proteins in the human body. Family B GPCRs and the peptides that bind them are involved in a multitude of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It is also identified as a secretin-like family since the secretin receptor was the first to be cloned. This review summarizes the current information regarding the structure and function of family B GPCRs and their physiological and pathophysiological roles.įamily B of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) consists of 15 members. Activation-associated structural changes of receptors are transmitted through TMs to their intracellular regions and are responsible for their interaction with the G proteins and activation of the latter, thus resulting in a biological effect. This ‘first-step’ interaction orients the N-terminal region of peptides towards the J-domain of receptors, thus resulting in a ‘second-step’ of ligand-receptor interaction that activates the receptor. The C-terminal region of peptides first binds to the N-domain of receptors. The upper parts of the TMs and ELs form the J-domain of receptors. In addition, these receptors have a long extracellular N-domain and an intracellular C-tail.
Family B GPCRs are proteins that span the plasma membrane seven times, thus forming seven transmembrane domains (TM1-TM7) which are connected to each other by three extracellular (EL) and three intracellular (IL) loops.
Obtaining structural and functional information on family B GPCRs will accelerate the development of novel drugs to target these receptors. Alterations in family B GPCR-regulated homeostatic mechanisms may cause a variety of potentially life-threatening conditions, signifying the necessity to develop novel ligands targeting these receptors. Family B of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their ligands play a central role in a number of homeostatic mechanisms in the endocrine, gastrointestinal, skeletal, immune, cardiovascular and central nervous systems.
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